catalogue

Chapter 0 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….….......1

Chapter 1 Tungsten Ore ……………………………………………………….….…................…2

1.1 The Glory of History …………………………………………………………………………..….2

1.2 The current situation of tungsten ore …………………………………….…..........…...3

1.3 Mining of tungsten ore …………………………………………………………………….…….3

1.4 Selection of tungsten ore ……………………………………………………..….....…...........4

1.5 Tailings treatment ……………………………………………………………......................…5

1.6 The safety of tungsten mines …………………………...……………………...…….……6

1.7 Research on Typical Literature of Tungsten Ore ……………………………..….......…7

Chapter 2 Smelting ………………………………………………………………................…..……9

2.1 Principles of Smelting ………………………………………………………………..........9

2.2  Smelting technology ………………………………………………………………..........…9

2.2.1 Smelting decomposition technology …………………………………………....…9

2.2.2 Smelting transformation technology …………………………………............……10

2.2.3 Tungsten molybdenum separation technology …………………………………10

2.2.4 Smelting crystallization technology ……………………………………….........…11

2.2.5 Smelting and calcination technology ……………………………………...……..…11

2.2.6 Ammonium Metatungstate Technology……………………………………………......…12

2.3 Smelting process …………………………………………………………………….................12

2.3.1 Smelting decomposition process …………………………………………………....…12

2.3.2 Solid liquid separation process………………………………………………................……14

2.3.3 Solution impurity removal process ……………………………………………………...…16

2.3.4 Fine solid-liquid separation ……………………………………………………..........………16

2.3.5 Ion exchange process ………………………………………………………......................……17

2.3.6 Extraction transformation process …………………………………………………......…18

2.3.7 Deep molybdenum removal process ………………………………………...…….....…18

2.3.8 Tungsten ammonium crystallization process ………………………………….......…19

2.3.9 Tungsten ammonium drying process ……………………………………………………..…20

2.3.10 Tungsten ammonium calcination process……………………………………………........……20

2.3.11 Oxygen tungsten screening process …………………………………………........…………..…21

2.3.12 Tungsten oxide crushing process ………………………………………………………..……22

2.3.13 Material conveying process ………………………………………………………….............…22

2.3.14 Ammonium metatungstate process …………………………………………………………24

2.4 Case study of smelting ………………………………………………………………...............………25

2.4.1AB Tungsten Company …………………………………………………………....................………25

2.4.2HL Tungsten Company……………………………………………………….......................……..…26

2.5 Smelted products ……………………………………………………………..........................………...27

2.5.1 Ammonium paratungstate products ………………………………………………………...…27

2.5.2 Tungsten oxide powder products……………………………………………………............…32

2.5.3 Ammonium metatungstate products…………………………………………………………..35

2.5.4 Spherical tungsten oxide powder ………………………………………………………........…37

2.6 Environmental Protection in Smelting ……………………………………………………...……41

2.6.1 Smelting waste residue treatment ………………………………………………………....……...41

2.6.2 Smelting waste gas treatment ………………………………………………………...........……43

2.6.3 Smelting wastewater treatment ………………………………………………………….........…46

2.6.4 Smelting waste ammonia treatment ……………………………………………………………49

2.7 Research on Typical Literature of Smelting ………………………………………………….…50

Chapter 3 Powder Chapter …………………………………………………..........……………….…53

3.1 The mechanism of reduction ……………………………………………………..........…........…53

3.2 Restored device ………………………………………………………………......................….........…56

3.2.1 Main structure of equipment ……………………………………………………...............……56

3.2.2 Introduction to Equipment Research ………………………………….......…............……..59

3.2.3 Main text of equipment research …………………………………………………...............…60

3.2.4 Conclusion of Equipment Research………………………………………………............…63

3.2.5 Equipment research references ……………………………………………………..................…63

3.2.6 Introduction to Carbon Thermal Reduction ……………………………………………..……67

3.2.7 Carbon thermal reduction text ………………………………………………………................…..67

3.2.8 Conclusion of Carbon Thermal Reduction ………………………………………………….…..73

3.2.8 Carbon thermal references …………………………………………………………..........................73

3.2 Restoration process …………………………………………………………………….............................74

3.3.1 Restoration equipment selection …………………………………………………................…74

3.3.2 Restore process parameters ……………………………………………………………......................76

3.4 Tungsten powder products ………………………………………………………………………...........…80

3.4.1 Physical properties of tungsten …………………………………………………………….................80

3.4.2 Crystal parameters of tungsten ………………………………………………………..................……80

3.4.3 Conventional indicators of tungsten powder ………………………………………...……81

3.4.4 Tungsten Powder Product Standard …………………………………………………………...........…82

3.4.5 Diamond tungsten wire tungsten powder………………………………………………….…………86

3.4.6 Spherical shell morphology tungsten powder ……………………………………………….....…91

3.4.7 Research on raw material pretreatment ……………………………………………………............…91

3.4.8 Research on Impurity Elements ……………………………………………………...........................….95

3.4.9 Research on electrolytic hydrogen production ……………………………………………......……98

3.5 Carbonization mechanism …………………………………………………………………..........................101

3.6 Carbonization equipment …………………………………………………………………………...................103

3.7 Tungsten carbide products ………………………………………………………………….......................…107

3.8 Detection and Analysis …………………………………………………………….............……….........……113

3.8.1 Testing Equipment ……………………………………………………………….....................................…113

3.8.2 Analysis and Study of Particle Size Distribution ……………………………………………..……116

3.9  NC Typical Powder of NC Company …………………………………………………………...……..…122

3.10 Typical literature research on powders ………………………………………………………...........……127

Chapter 4: Alloy Chapter …………………………………………………………………....…………129

4.1Wet Grinding ……………………………………………………………………………...................…129

4.2 Granulation ……………………………………………………………………….….....................……130

4.3 Molding…………………………………………………………………………….............................…131

4.4 Degreasing …………………………………………………………………………........................……132

4.5 Sintering ………………………………………………………………………….............................……133

4.6 Processing …………………………………………………………………………….......................…...134

4.7 Alloy Identification …………………………………………………………….....................…...…135

4.7.1 Alloy Identification …………………………………………………………...…............................135

4.7.1 Research on the Effects of Additives …………………………………………………....……136

4.8 Research on Typical Literature of Alloys ………………………………………………….....…140

Chapter 5: Tools……………………………………………………………………….............……147

5.1 Types of alloy tools ……………………………………………………………....................…147

5.2 Tool making process ……………………………………………………………....................……147

5.3 Research on Typical Literature of Tools ………………………………………....…148

Chapter 6: New Materials …………………………………………………………………..…………156

6.1 High density material …………………………………………………………….......…...……156

6.2 High temperature resistant material ………………………………………….........……156

6.3 Radiation resistant materials ………………………………………………….......…….…156

6.4 Target material …………………………………………………………………...…......................…157

6.5 Typical Literature Research on Tungsten New Materials ……………........….....158

Chapter 7 Recycling Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………165

7.1 Collection route ………………………………………………………………………...................165

7.2 Recycling purposes ………………………………………………………………...........……….166

7.3 Current recycling situation ……………………………………………………..................………167

7.4 Research on Literature Related to Waste Tungsten Recycling………………........…………167

Chapter 8 Latest Research Article ……………………………………………………………………..…171

8.1 Research on the Process of Preparing Tungsten Powder in a Reverse Hydrogen Rotary Reduction Furnace

……………..............……171

8.2 Design and Application of Forward and Reverse Hydrogen Rotary Reduction Furnace in Paper 2 ……………………………179

8.3 Research on the Mechanism and Application of Producing Ultra fine Tungsten Powder by Reduction in Reverse Hydrogen Rotary Furnace …….......................…………184

8.4 Paper 4 proposes a new theory and model of quantum inclusion for the first time

 ……………….........……188

Thank you ………………………………………………………………………..........…....…..…194

Thanks to the unit ………………………………………………………………………….……195

Author's Resume ………………………………………………………………………....………198

Introduction to Dingsheng Furnace Industry ……………………………………..…201